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\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright \f8\fs20\lang2057\cgrid \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive Default Paragraph Font;}}{\info{\title Lizard}{\author D Neale}{\operator Julian Aburrow}{\creatim\yr2002\mo7\dy23\hr14\min53}
{\revtim\yr2002\mo7\dy23\hr14\min53}{\version2}{\edmins1}{\nofpages3}{\nofwords791}{\nofchars4513}{\*\company  }{\nofcharsws5542}{\vern71}}\paperw11907\paperh16840 
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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trkeep \clmgf\clvertalt\cltxlrtb \cellx7626\clmrg\clvertalt\cltxlrtb \cellx7626\clmrg\clvertalt\cltxlrtb \cellx7626
\clmrg\clvertalt\cltxlrtb \cellx7626\pard\plain \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\intbl\adjustright \f8\fs20\lang2057\cgrid {\b\f176\fs28 Lizard\cell }\pard \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\intbl\adjustright {\b\f176 \cell }{\f176 \cell }{\b\f176 \cell }\pard 
\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\intbl\adjustright {\f176 \row }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trkeep \clvertalt\cltxlrtb \cellx1620\clvertalt\cltxlrtb \cellx4069\clvertalt\cltxlrtb \cellx5487\clvertalt\cltxlrtb \cellx7936\pard 
\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\intbl\adjustright {\b\f176\fs24 Latin name\cell }\pard \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\intbl\adjustright {\f176\fs24 various}{\i\f176\fs24 \cell }\pard \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\intbl\adjustright {\b\f176\fs24 Polarity\cell }\pard 
\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\intbl\adjustright {\f176\fs24 Masculine\cell }\pard \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\intbl\adjustright {\f176\fs24 \row }\pard \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\intbl\adjustright {\b\f176\fs22 Families
\par Order
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\intbl\adjustright {\b\f176\fs22 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\intbl\adjustright {\b\f176\fs22 Sub-order\cell }\pard \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\intbl\adjustright {\f176\fs22 various}{\i\f176\fs22 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\intbl\adjustright {\i\f176\fs22 Squamata }{\f176\fs22 (Scaly Reptiles)}{\i\f176\fs22 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\intbl\adjustright {\i\f176\fs22 Lacertilia }{\f176\fs22 (Lizards)}{\i\f176\fs22 \cell }\pard \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\intbl\adjustright {\b\f176\fs24 Element\cell }\pard \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\intbl\adjustright {\f176\fs24 Air
\cell }\pard \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\intbl\adjustright {\f176\fs24 \row }\trowd \trgaph108\trleft-108\trkeep \clvertalt\cltxlrtb \cellx1620\clvertalt\cltxlrtb \cellx4069\clvertalt\cltxlrtb \cellx5487\clvertalt\cltxlrtb \cellx7936\pard 
\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\intbl\adjustright {\b\f176\fs24 Etymology\cell }\pard \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\intbl\adjustright {\f176\fs24 Middle English from Old French}{\i\f176\fs24  lesard(e), }{\f176\fs24 from Latin}{\i\f176\fs24  lacertus \cell }\pard 
\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\intbl\adjustright {\b\f176\fs24 Deities\cell }\pard \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\intbl\adjustright {\f176\fs24 Unkulunkulu, Meuler, Tarrotarro, Moko, Hermes, Serapis, Ahriman\cell }\pard \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\intbl\adjustright {
\f176\fs24 \row }\pard \sa120\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\b\f176\fs24 
\par Varieties
\par }\pard \sa120\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\f176\fs24 Lizards and snakes belong to the subclass of reptiles called the }{\i\f176\fs24 Lepidosauria}{\f176\fs24 , of which all except one species belong to the order }{\i\f176\fs24 Squamata}{\f176\fs24 
.  The }{\i\f176\fs24 Lacertidae }{\f176\fs24 (True Lizards) include the Sand Lizard (}{\i\f176\fs24 Lacerta agilis}{\f176\fs24 ), which is the most common lizard of central Europe; the Wall Lizard (}{\i\f176\fs24 Lacerta muralis}{\f176\fs24 
), mostly found in the Mediterranean region, but also in western and central Europe; the Green Lizard (}{\i\f176\fs24 Lacerta viridis}{\f176\fs24 ), found in southern and central Europe; and the Common or Viviparous Lizard (}{\i\f176\fs24 Lacerta vivipara
}{\f176\fs24 ), whose young hatch in the female's body in northern and central Europe, but from eggs in the Pyrenees.  The Common lizard is sometimes found as far north as the Arctic Circle.  The }{\i\f176\fs24 Scincidae }{\f176\fs24 
(Skinks) include the Snake-eyed Skink (}{\i\f176\fs24 Ablepharus kitaibelii}{\f176\fs24 ), found mostly in south-eastern Europe.  There are about three hundred species of Geckos (}{\i\f176\fs24 Gekkonidae}{\f176\fs24 
), which are small climbing lizards.  The }{\i\f176\fs24 Agamidae }{\f176\fs24 family includes the Indian Bloodsucker (}{\i\f176\fs24 Calotes versicolor}{\f176\fs24 
), so called because the throat of the male swells and reddens when it fights another male during the mating season; the Spiny-tailed Lizard (}{\i\f176\fs24 Uromastix acanthinurus}{\f176\fs24 ), which lives in the Middle East; and the Agama (}{
\i\f176\fs24 Agama sanguinolenta}{\f176\fs24 ), which lives on the steppes of Central Asia.   The}{\i\f176\fs24  Iguanidae }{\f176\fs24 include the Green Iguana (}{\i\f176\fs24 Iguana iguana}{\f176\fs24 ), which lives in the tropica
l regions of America; the Chuckwalla (}{\i\f176\fs24 Sauromalus obesus}{\f176\fs24 ) from the deserts of Arizona and the south-west; and the American Basilisk (}{\i\f176\fs24 Basiliscus americanus}{\f176\fs24 ).  The }{\i\f176\fs24 Cordylidae }{
\f176\fs24 (Girdle-tailed Lizards) include the Armadillo Lizard (}{\i\f176\fs24 Cordylus cataphractus}{\f176\fs24 ) of Central and South Africa.  The }{\i\f176\fs24 Anguidae }{\f176\fs24 
(Slow-worms) have no limbs and are often mistaken for Snakes.  The Slow-worm (}{\i\f176\fs24 Anguis}{\f176\fs24  }{\i\f176\fs24 fragilis}{\f176\fs24 
) is said to live to over fifty years old.  Another member of this family is the Glass-snake or Scheltopusik (}{\i\f176\fs24 Ophisaurus apodus}{\f176\fs24 
), which lives in southern Europe and central Asia.  It was formerly believed that all lizards were poisonous, but this is only true of the }{\i\f176\fs24 Helodermatidae, }{\f176\fs24 
which live in the deserts of Mexico and the southern states.  These include the Gila Monster (}{\i\f176\fs24 Heloderma suspectum}{\f176\fs24 ).  The }{\i\f176\fs24 Varanidae }{\f176\fs24 
(Monitors) are carnivorous lizards found in India, central Asia, North Africa, Arabia, Iran, and western India.  The chameleon (q.v.) is also a species of lizard.
\par }\pard \sa120\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\f176\fs24 
\par }\pard \sa120\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\b\f176\fs24 Folklore
\par }\pard \sa120\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\f176\fs24 The lizard was believed to have no tongue and to 
feed only on dew.  Because of this, it was a symbol of silence.  The Romans believed that the lizard slept through the winter, so to them it symbolised death and resurrection.  In Roman art, the lizard was often depicted with sleeping cupids.
\par }\pard \sa120\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\f176\fs24 
In a Santal folktale, a man was lying asleep when his soul became very thirsty and left his body in the form of a lizard.  It got into a pitcher of water, but someone put the lid back on before it could return to his body.  Just as his friends were prepar
ing to cremat
e him, someone lifted the lid off the pitcher, and the lizard-soul was able to return.  When the man asked his friends why they were weeping, they told him that they had thought him dead.  He explained that he had gone down a well to get water but had bee
n unable to get out.}{\b\f176\fs24 
\par }\pard \sa120\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\b\f176\fs24 
\par Mythology
\par }\pard \sa120\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\f176\fs24 The Araucanian people of Chile have a god of winds called Meuler who is depicted as a lizard.
\par }\pard \sa120\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\f176\fs24 The Bantu god Unkulunkulu sent a chameleon to tell humans they were immortal, but the chameleon lingered, so he sent a lizard t
o tell them they were mortal.  The lizard arrived first, so humanity became mortal.  In some parts of Africa the lizard was believed to be able to transform itself into a leopard, a lion or a hyena.  It can be a totem animal, but may also have a sinister 
aspect.
\par }\pard \sa120\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\f176\fs24 
In Australian mythology, the lizard Tarrotarro is a culture hero.  He divided humanity into two genders and taught the people the arts.  In Polynesian mythology, Moko, the King of the Lizards, protects fishing.  In Maori mythology, the lizard pulle
d the first human from the waters of creation.  In Hawaii, there are lizard gods who are both animal ancestor figures and tutelary spirits.  There was a stone temple in Tahiti dedicated to a lizard god.  The lizard was regarded as the guardian of the soul
 in the body.
\par }\pard \sa120\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\f176\fs24 To the people of the Amazon River, the lizard is a manifestation of the Lord of Animals and Fish.  It is also the messenger of the god who told men they were mortal.
\par }\pard \sa120\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\f176\fs24 In Central America, the desert peoples believe the lizard to be a form of the Great Spirit.
\par }\pard \sa120\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\f176\fs24 In Europe, the lizard is generally regarded as a sinister creature, because it was thought to be venomous.  Shakespeare used this idea in both }{\i\f176\fs24 Macbeth}{\f176\fs24 
, where a lizard's leg was an ingredient of the witches' cauldron, and }{\i\f176\fs24 Henry VI }{\f176\fs24 (Part II, Act III, Scene II).
\par }\pard \sa120\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\f176\fs24 
\par }\pard \sa120\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\b\f176\fs24 Symbolism
\par }\pard \sa120\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\f176\fs24 
In ancient Egypt and Greece, the lizard symbolised divine wisdom and good fortune; it also averted evil.  It appears with other creatures on the votive Hand of Sabazios.  It was also sacred to Hermes and Serapis.
\par }\pard \sa120\nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\f176\fs24 In both Zoroastrianism and christianity, the lizard symbolises evil.  In Zoroastrianism, it represents Ahriman; in christianity, it represents the devil.}{\b\f176\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\b\f176\fs24 
\par Poetry
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\f176\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\f176\fs24 "I am the Lizard King
\par I can do anything..."
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\f176\fs24 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\f176\fs24 Jim Morrison
\par 
\par }\pard \nowidctlpar\widctlpar\adjustright {\f176\fs24 
\par }}